ethanol for methanol poisoning), enhancement of enzyme function (e.g. In some situations, enhanced elimination can be achieved by urinary alkalization or hemadsorption.
Specific binders include chelating agents, bioscavenger therapy and immunotherapy. The most commonly used non-specific binding agent is activated charcoal. Reduction in free toxin level can be achieved by specific and non-specific agents that bind to the toxin. Antidote administration may not only result in the reduction of free or active toxin level, but also in the mitigation of end-organ effects of the toxin by mechanisms that include competitive inhibition, receptor blockade or direct antagonism of the toxin. Antidotes mediate its effect either by preventing the absorption of the toxin, by binding and neutralizing the poison, antagonizing its end-organ effect, or by inhibition of conversion of the toxin to more toxic metabolites. Antidotes are agents that negate the effect of a poison or toxin.
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